Published 06.11.2024 Kazhydromet RSE has released the annual bulletin on monitoring the state and climate change of Kazakhstan for 2023. Last year was officially recognized as the warmest year in the history of instrumental observations. The average global temperature was 1.45°C above the pre-industrial level (1850-1900), confirming the continuing trends of global warming.
The average annual air temperature in Kazakhstan also reached record highs, taking the first place for the entire observation period since 1941. The anomaly was +2.58°C relative to the climatic norm (1961-1990). Extremely high temperatures were recorded in almost all regions of Kazakhstan, especially in spring, summer and autumn. In some regions, the temperature exceeded +40°C, and heat waves lasted more than 30, and in some places more than 60 days. The maximum temperature of +46.0°C was recorded at Karatobe station in West Kazakhstan oblast.
Nevertheless, in 2023, daily minimum temperature records were also set at four meteorological stations in the western and southern regions of Kazakhstan. Thus, in the west of the country, the temperature of -42.7 °C was recorded at the Kos-Istek meteorological station, and in the south - at the Kogaly meteorological stations -36.4 °C, Tasaryk - 28.3 °C and Shuyldak -29.3 °C.
As for atmospheric precipitation, 2023 in the country was characterized by uneven distribution of precipitation. Autumn was characterized by a significant excess of moisture (149.1% of the norm), while spring was particularly dry in Turkestan (53% of the norm) and Kostanay (56% of the norm) oblasts. From April to July, most of the territory experienced precipitation deficit. At some stations, the monthly precipitation minima were updated: MS Karasu – 0.3 mm, Mikhailovka – 0.3 mm, Sarykol - 0.0 mm, Astana – 0.6 mm, Ereimentau – 0.6 mm, Aktogay – 0.7 mm, Bayanauyl – 4.4 mm, Krasnoarmeika – 2.3 mm, Shaldai – 0.0 mm, Kamenskoe Plateau – 16.2 mm, Almaty OHMS – 2.8 mm, Samarka – 2.7 mm, Karaganda – 2.6 mm.
There were also recorded cases of record values of maximum annual precipitation totals. According to data from 39 weather stations located in the western, northern, central and eastern regions, as well as in Turkestan oblast, at MS Kamenka in West Kazakhstan oblast the most significant amount of precipitation for July - 203 mm, which exceeded the previous record of 133.1 mm, set in 1959.
Climate changes in Kazakhstan due to its geographical location and large territory are manifested unevenly by regions and seasons of the year. These changes can have both negative and positive impact on biophysical systems, economic activity and social sphere of the republic. For example, a longer growing season in the northern regions may have a favorable impact on agriculture, while an increase in the duration of heat waves in the southern and western regions creates increased health risks for the population and increases the load on the energy system
Full text of the bulletin is available on the official website of RSE Kazhydromet: https://www.kazhydromet.kz/ru/klimat/ezhegodnyy-byulleten-monitoringa-sostoyaniya-i-izmeneniya-klimata-kazahstana